Blog -Bible Daily Bread Devotional (BDBD)

Apostle Paul, inspired by the Holy Spirit, reveals the order of the transformation from an earthly body to a glorious spiritual body. Jesus is already transformed as the firstfruits of the barley harvest (23a). When Jesus comes again, those who put their faith and hope in him, those who belong to him, will be transformed into a body like Jesus’ (23b). What good news!

Many have said that the Old Testament does not reveal the long gap between Jesus’ glorious resurrection some 2,000 years ago, and our future glorious resurrection. They are wrong. The Mosaic law does reveal the long gap, and more, through the then-required celebration of the Israelite feasts. (Exodus 34:22-23; Leviticus 23; Numbers 9:1-14, 28:16-29:40; Deuteronomy 16:1-16)

The spring feasts were discussed in previous BDBD -Passover, the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Firstfruits (aka Ingatherings) at the barley harvest (Exodus 34:22-23), and Pentecost (aka the Feast of Weeks). Jesus fulfilled and replaced the spring feasts, celebrated at the beginning of the Hebrew year, during his first coming

The other feasts are celebrated in the fall –the Feast of Trumpets, the Feast of Weeks with the firstfruits of the wheat harvest (Exodus 34:22), the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Tabernacles. Jesus will fulfill these when he comes again. In between the spring and fall feasts is a long gap of several months where nothing happens.

The wheat harvest is our bodily resurrection from the dead when he comes again. Jesus often used wheat in parables to illustrate our resurrection (Matthew 13:24-30; Luke 3:17; John 12:23-26). Jesus concluded the Parable of the Weeds and Wheat with, “Let both grow together until the harvest. At that time I will tell the harvesters: First collect the weeds and tie them in bundles to be burned; then gather the wheat and bring it into my barn.” (Matthew 13:30) Are you wheat or a weed?

Do you need some happy, joyful, good news today? Well, if you care to take less than three minutes of thinking time, read on.

Through one man, Adam (who is called the son of God in Luke 3:38 because he had neither father nor mother), came man’s subjection to mortality, sicknesses, physical death, and eternal death and misery in another world because he sinned. We are born in Adam. So also, it pleased God that through one man, Jesus, who became flesh of our flesh, who though he was the eternal and the only begotten Son of God, came the FREE gift of physical resurrection from death for those who believe in him and his power over death. (Hebrews 2:14) Anyone can become born again in Jesus.

As in Adam all, that were and are in him, became subject both to temporal death, and all the afflictions and miseries of this life, which are so many little deaths (Romans 8:36) and forerunners of natural death, or attendants upon it; and also to eternal death, which is the consequent of the guilt of sin (Romans 6:23). So in Jesus, that is, through the merits of his death, and through his resurrection, all that are in him, being chosen in him, given to him, and by faith implanted into him, are not only spiritually made alive, being passed from death unto life (1 John 3:14), but will also be raised from physical death unto eternal life.

The happy, joyful, good news is that you can live happily ever after eternally in paradise with someone who loves you and will continue to love you forever, Jesus.

Apostle Paul logically and completely disproves a “no resurrection” claim made by some in the Corinthian congregation (12, 16). Epicurean and Stoic Greek philosophers discredited the resurrection. (Acts 17:18) Jewish Sadducees also did not believe in the resurrection. (Matthew 22:23; Mark 12:18; Acts 23:8) That is why they were Sad-u-see?

Paul says they are ignorant of God. (33) Jesus said such false belief comes from not knowing the Scriptures or the power of God. (Matthew 22:29; Mark 12:18) It seems that those in Corinth who say there is no resurrection were influenced by these false doctrines. (33)

Perhaps, you still do not believe in life after physical death, even after reading the first 11 verses, previous BDBD, and reading the commentary at FreeBibleStudyHelp.com. Recently, someone who seems to be a believer asked a question to make people think in a group Bible Study, “What about all the people who, after dying and being brought back to life, claim that they have been to heaven or hell?”

My response, perhaps, was not what he expected or wanted to hear. “I know of a person who has been to both heaven and hell. He has given his testimony a few times since, and you would be surprised at the responses. As Jesus concluded the parable of Lazarus and the rich man, ‘If they do not listen to Moses and the Prophets, they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.'” (Luke 16:31)

A vast amount of evidence is in the Bible. Sure, personal testimonies of being in heaven and hell may make someone think. But in my experience, personal witnesses are as Jesus said. Acceptance of the physical resurrection to come, when the current body is replaced, comes by the will and power of the Holy Spirit. Pray for the Holy Spirit’s testimony. Ask with all honesty and sincerity with a humble and repentant heart, and you will know.

Apostle Paul listed some of the people who saw the resurrected Christ before 55 A.D., when this letter was written. He includes himself, “last of all” and the “least of all” (5-8).

Jesus came to Paul when he was known as Saul in approx. 35 A.D. (Acts 9:3-19; 22:6-21; 26:13-23), approx. 5 years after Pentecost, the day of the great outpouring of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2). Paul converted from Judaism to faith in Jesus the Messiah when Jesus came to him on his way to persecute Christians in Damascus. Three days later, Paul was baptised by the disciple Ananias. The Holy Spirit entered Paul. Paul was born again. Thus, Paul called his spiritual birth “abnormal”.

All those who come to faith in Jesus Christ are spiritually born again as the Holy Spirit becomes one with our soul and enters our body. We are born again by the grace of God (John 3:3-8). That day is our spiritual birthday.

The spiritual birth is not without effect (10). The Spirit enables us with gifts as we work for the good of the body of Christ. It is not us that works, but the grace of God that is with us. What effects has and will God enabled you to do today?

The bodily resurrection of Christ Jesus from the dead is well documented. Apostle Paul records some eyewitnesses. The gospel writers record more. (Matthew 28; Mark 16; Luke 24; John 20-21; Acts 1:1-10) Other historical documents, both Christian and non-Christian, also record Jesus’ resurrection from the dead. Clement of Rome’s letters in 85-86AD, the Jew historian Josephus in his Antiquities of the Jews in 93-94AD, Ignatius of Antioch’s letters from 107-110AD, the Roman historian Tacitus in his Roman Annals in 116AD, the Roman governor Pliny the Younger’s letter in 112AD, etc.

The apostles and many others held through threat, abuse, torture, and even to their martyrdom that Jesus rose bodily from the dead. They witnessed the empty tomb and met the resurrected Jesus, talked with him, listened to him, ate with him, and touched the holes in his hands and side. Then they said he ascended into heaven to be with his father, as he had told them.

Apostle Thomas was not with the other apostles when Jesus first appeared with them. When they told him he would not believe them. With the doors locked, Jesus came and stood among them again and said, “Peace be with you!” Then he addressed Thomas, “Stop doubting and believe.”

Thomas said to him, “My Lord and my God!”

Then Jesus told him, “Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.” (John 20:24-29)

Jesus did not say, “God?!? Oh no, Thomas. I am not God.” No, Jesus did not say that. Jesus reply to Thomas, who said, “My Lord and my God!” was “Because you have seen me (bodily raised from the dead), you have believed (I am Lord and God).” Then, he added a very important fact about all who followed Thomas’ declaration that Jesus is divine. All who believe in Jesus, who bodily rose from the dead, are Lord and God is blessed. It goes without saying that if a person does not believe Jesus is Lord and God, they are not blessed.

The four Gospels, in great detail, answer the questions of who, what, when, and where concerning Jesus’ death and burial. (Matthew 26:47-27; Mark 14:43-15; Luke 22:54-23; John 18-19) Apostle Paul directly answers the “why,” whereas the Gospels indirectly answer the why through Jesus’ predictions of his death and burial. (Matthew 12:40; 26:28, 61; John 1:29, 2:19; Mark 10:33-34, Mark 14:24; Luke 9:21-22; 17:25; 18:31-33, 20:13-18; etc.)

Apostle Paul reminds the Corinthian congregation that Christ died for our sins and was buried according to the Scriptures. The why is that Jesus died for our sins. Paul passed that on as of first importance. Even before the first century AD ended, Jesus’ death for our sins and burial were part of our tradition of the highest importance.

Apostle John records a seemingly strange, insignificant fact we might overlook concerning Jesus’ death for our sins, “The soldiers therefore came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and then those of the other. But when they came to Jesus and found that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. Instead, one of the soldiers pierced Jesus’ side with a spear, bringing a sudden flow of blood and water. The man who saw it has given testimony, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, and he testifies so that you also may believe.” (John 19:32-35)

John then states that Jesus’ legs were not broken to fulfill scripture. Why then tell us of the sudden flow of blood and water when Jesus’ side was pierced, a seemingly strange, insignificant fact? Not so. It undoubtedly shows Jesus had been dead for at least half an hour, perhaps even one whole hour, before his heart, which is in the center, slightly on the left side of our chest, was pierced. His heart was pierced at the bottom.

When the heart stops pumping, the blood stops circulating. Blood consists of translucent plasma, white blood cells, clear platelets, and red blood cells. When stagnant, these separate.The heavy red blood cells sink to the bottom of the heart, the lightest translucent plasma rises to the top of the heart, and the white blood cells and clear platelets are in between. The separation in the heart begins immediately upon death and is visible within half an hour and complete by two hours, considering crucifixion. Even if Jesus were completely healthy at his age, the appearance of a flow of blood and water would have happened no later than an hour after the heart stopped pumping, a part of postmortem lividity. The blood looks like blood, then water flows out.

Jesus was dead, dead, dead, his heart emptied of blood, and any left in his body completely separated when he was buried. There was no chance of recession, to the shame and ignorance of those who suggest it. Jesus indeed died for our sins according to the Scriptures.

The gospel saves if held onto firmly. The gospel saves from sin and its consequences, which is death. The gospel is a message preached. Some receive it. Others reject it, and still others are contemplating it. Those who receive it must hold firmly to the gospel. Salvation is evidenced by continuing in faith to the end. Such perseverance reveals those who share in Christ. (Hebrews 3:14) Otherwise, you have believed in vain.

Everyone needs to prove their love for God. Noah’s proof was building an ark completely. Abraham’s proof was being willing to offer his one and only son. Hannah’s proof was bringing her son to live with the priests. David’s proof was keeping his faith while on the run in the wilderness from Saul’s pride and greed. Mary’s proof was believing the angel’s message of the immaculate conception. All these kept their faith till the end. God looks to see if all keep their faith in his promises to the end.

Apostle Paul addresses misconceptions about the resurrection of the dead in chapter 15. He counters a false belief that there is no resurrection of the dead.

People live after the body dies. It’s a fact. Jesus bodily died and was buried. It’s a fact. Jesus rose from death bodily. It’s a fact. Those who believe in Jesus will die, rise from the dead, and when Jesus comes again, will receive a physical resurrection body. It’s a fact. The resurrection body is far better than the current physical body. It’s a fact. The current body is a weak flesh earthly body. The resurrection body for those who believe in Christ will be a powerful spiritual-flesh body like Jesus’ body when he rose from the grave. These are facts.

When I think of the resurrection to come, I think of several illustrations from this world, like a caterpillar. They have a long, fussy body with many feet that traverse on plants and the ground. They eat and grow, eat and grow, and eat and grow. Then one day, they form a cocoon around them. In hiding, their worm body is amazingly transformed into a colorful, delicate flying body. They are the same creatures on the inside. Yet outside, they are something entirely new. Somewhere in a caterpillar’s DNA is an old body and a new, better body. For me, it’s an amazing picture of what God can do and will do.

Apostle Paul’s conclusion to chapters 12-14 begins with verse 33b, “As in all the congregations of the saints…”, then it skips to verses 36-40. Paul was saying in verse 33b, “Coming together as a church and the conduct during the meeting is an established pattern in the body of Christ in Asia Minor. Your congressional meetings are different from every other congregation.”

Paul’s instruction that a wife should not make inquiries to her husband while someone is speaking is between 33b and 36-40. Was Paul’s thought interrupted? I am not sure. It seems the different translations don’t know where to put 33b either. (First-century Greek had no punctuation. So, translators do not know if 33b is the end of 33a, the beginning of 34, or the start of a thought that picks up again at verse 36.)

The two rhetorical questions in verse 36 have the same concept as verse 33b. “Did the word of God originate with you? Or are you the only people it has reached?” The answer is no. The word of God originated many millennia ago and has continued unbroken to this day. The word of God has spread to many people, including many congregations is Asia Minor.

Paul’s general conclusion is that the Corinthian congregation has started to do their own thing, separate from their neighboring congregations in Asia Minor. Paul writes, “Everything should be done in a fitting and orderly way” (40). He meant, as it is done in all the other congregations.

Consider Paul’s two rhetorical questions carefully (26). God’s word and church tradition have existed unbroken by the power of God to this day. The Word of God has been passed down to us through ancient documents, maintained by God’s power. God keeps the long history of the Bible and the church.

New false so-called Christian groups say that only they have the true Bible and religion. They say that all other translations are from broken manuscripts generated in the mid-fourth century. They say the original documents were lost and changed. They say the tradition we have, as Paul wrote, calling it tradition, is wrong. They have no proof of this. I have seen the proof that shows they are wrong. If they are willingly ignorant, let them be ignorant and ignored by God. Do not be fooled by people who say, “An angel told our founder the true way.”

Have you ever been to a play, movie, or presentation where there were disruptions? Paul addresses in verses 26-40 rude people being boisterous and obnoxious in a congregational gathering designed for one person to speak. “What then shall we say, brothers? When you come together, everyone has a hymn, or a word of instruction, a revelation, a tongue or an interpretation.” (26b) Many were speaking at once, which isn’t right (27, 30). It sounded like a large flock of segals on a rocky ocean beach with waves crashing.

First, he tells them to no longer simultaneously speak in tongues and prophecy during their gatherings (26-33). Only one person is to speak in front of the congregation at a time.

Now Apostle Paul addresses interuptive side conversations, specifically mentioning wives. Paul is not contradicting his statement in 11:5, “And every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head–it is just as though her head were shaved.” Women can pray and prophesy during congregational meetings.

When Paul says “women should remain silent in the churches” (34), he specifies that his statement concerns “if they want to inquire about something”. The original Greek word “eperotao” is used more often implying a pointed, urgent, or challenging inquiry demanding an answer. It is often used in association with people interrogating Jesus. (Matthew 22:35) Here, it is women asking questions.

Who are the women asking demanding questions and expecting an answer? Paul continues, “they should ask their own husbands at home” (35). The scene is this. One speaker, a prophet or teacher, is up front, and a wife turns to her husband and asks a question. What is her husband going to do? Any wise husband would answer. And so this side conversation interrupts those around them. Tell me you haven’t experienced this in a play, movie, classical concert, presentation, or church? I experienced it just last week during a Bible study.

Everyone, please be respectful. Silence your cell phones and stop the side conversations! Let the rest of us hear what we came to hear!

Apostle Paul was concerned that disorderly and unregulated congressional meetings at Corinth would discredit the name of the God who had called those in Christ to peace and unity (33; 10:11-13). He gave them orderly instructions for speaking in tongues, and that only if there is an interpreter (26-28). He gave them orderly instructions for prophets, and that their every word should be weighed carefully (29-32).

God is a God of order and peace. Order exists in DNA and the cell though they are complex. Order exists in the atom and the solar system though they are complex. Order exists in geology and nature though they are complex. Edward Lorenz discovered that order exists within chaos theory. In 1961, while simplifying weather prediction models, he developed a set of three nonlinear differential equations—now known as the Lorenz system—which demonstrated that chaotic, unpredictable systems follow a “strange attractor” that forms a distinct pattern resembling a butterfly.

When a congregation comes together, the proceedings should have order and peace, even though they are complex. Family life is complex, but that doesn’t mean that it should be void of at least some order and peace. How? Through Jesus, the Prince of Peace. Jesus said, “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.” (Matthew 11:28-30)

Yesterday’s blue morning, followed by today’s gray. Tomorrow we pray, the Son to split open the sky.

Apostle Paul, inspired by the Holy Spirit, concludes his correction to the Corinthian believers concerning speaking in tongues during their meetings with a sharp rebuke. His rebuke mimics Jesus’ rebuke to the apostles concerning their childish arguments about who was the greatest. “I tell you the truth, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.” (Matthew 18:1-4; Mark 9:33-37; Luke 18:15-17)

Paul wrote, “Brothers, stop thinking like children. In regard to evil be infants, but in your thinking be adults.” (20) The Corinthian believers, like the apostles, had childish thinking that sought human recognition and conformity. The mature in Christ in love think about how to seek the welfare of others even at the expense of self.

Paul directs their selfish, childish thoughts towards someone who comes to their meetings with inquiries about Jesus and the gospel. If that person were to come in and see all them speaking at one time in a strange language, the chaos and confusion would have the same response as at Pentecost, “These people are drunken mad!” They would quickly leave. However, if someone speaks in clear language and with honest emotion about the gospel, they will come to faith in Jesus and repent.

So what of my thinking? Is it mature or childlike? Do I heed Jesus serious rebuke? Do I in love think about how others will see my actions? Does all of me prophesy? (24)

Prayer, song, praise, and thanksgiving are presented to God personally and congregationally. Prayer is often defined as a formal request, a petition, and simply communion with God. A prayer can be written by someone else. For example, we pray the Lord’s Prayer as recorded by the gospel writers. (Luke 11:2-4) We also pray with our mind and heart, as Jesus did during the Last Supper (John 17).

A song has melody and meter. Praise may or may not have melody and meter. Jesus and the apostles sang a traditional Jewish hymn during the Last Supper (Matthew 26:30; Mark 14:26). Thanksgiving is gratitude expressed exclusively to God.

Prayer, song, praise, and thanksgiving can be given from our mind with understandable words through our physical tongue, and from our spirit with unperceivable words through the same physical tongue (13-14). Apostle Paul tells the Corinthian congregation when it is proper to use each. When we are before the congregation, we should edify the mind with perceivable language. The minds of all present should understand what is said. When we are alone, we can pray in a tongue even though our mind does not understand (15-17).

Apostle Paul spoke tongues in private and thanked God for it. I have too. When you are alone and want to praise and thank God, but have no words or lack perceivable language to express your thankfulness and praise, rather than ramble on with repetitive words as the pagans (Matthew 6:7-8), pray and/or sing your praise and thanksgiving with your spirit by the use of tongues if you have that gift. God looks at the heart and sees your offering that comes from the spirit and accepts it.

My mother said to the young me, “If you don’t have anything nice to say, don’t say anything at all.” I do not remember what I was always saying that wasn’t nice. Perhaps, she just wanted me to stop talking and let my siblings say something for a change. I do tend to babble on, and what could a young boy say that would be of interest to a working mother with four children and one more on the way?

The Spirit through Apostle Paul says, “If you do not bring some revelation or knowledge or prophecy or word of instruction from God that is understandable, then you should stop speaking in front of the congregation.” (6) “You are ‘speaking into the air’. Sit down, be quiet, and let others speak who will say intelligible words.” (9-11)

Perhaps a parallel exists between the young me, my working mother, the Corinthian congregation, and those who would speak before it. I have been to congregational meetings that ended with people yelling babbles, shouting against the devil, stomping their feet, and making more commotion than any other event I have personally witnessed, all in the name of being led by the Spirit. Their justification for the chaos conflicts with Paul’s parallels to organized musical pieces and an army’s trumpet call in verses 7 and 8. (Numbers 10:9; Joshua 6:4, 9) As the organized and recognizable notes convey a clear tune and message, so should the proceedings in a congregation’s meetings.

I can apply this principle to my life. Am I conveying a clear message about Christ and living his truth in my tune? What would those I trust say: my spouse, parents, children, friends, fellow perishers, and perhaps even my coworkers? Am I a chaos of messages, or do every aspect of my life convey a clear message? Am I like Christ, following his example as is revealed in the gospels?

The basic principle Paul insists on is that whatever is done in congregational meetings must contribute to the edification, that is, building up, of the congregation (3, 5b). He first stated this in 12:7, “Now to each one the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the common good.” This also agrees with the previous chapter concerning the way of love. “If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal.” (13:1)

What is spoken in congregational meetings, then, must be intelligible to the listeners, in the style and language they would understand, or at least interpreted. Even if the message is in the same language, if it is not in a style and dialect they are familiar with, it could hinder the message.

Years ago, I gave messages in countries where I did not speak the native language, and they did not speak mine. So I was given an interpreter. If I had not used one, my message would not have been received, and so I and my message would have been useless to them. The principle applies to speaking in tongues. Therefore, prophecy that is understood is better than tongues that no one understands.

The message is not only what I say, but how I say it. If a message is to be received, it needs to be conveyed in the best possible way. Communication is more than words. Communication involves dialect, style, and body language. Conviction and heart from the messenger is as much, if not more, of the message as the words. Even actors practice their art before they perform on a stage in front of an audience. Therefore, I should seek the gift of prophecy, present God’s messages to other, doing so in a manner that in a way that is best received by the audience. They should fall in love with Jesus, not fall asleep.

Paul continues and concludes his point about the gifts of the Spirit by explaining how they are to be used when they come together as a group. Some congregations call the gathering a mass, a worship service, a joyful celebration, a Bible study, or simply a gathering.

First, he states that speaking in tongues should not be done when they are gathered as a group unless someone can interpret what they are saying. The reasons are that tongues are for self-edification, and if a stranger came in during the gathering, they would think they are all drunk. (1-25)

Second, only a few are to sing a hymn or song. He does not specify the style or the meaning of the lyrics. He neither includes nor excludes instruments. He does say it should be done in turn. (26-28)

Third, he says that two or perhaps three prophets should speak, and the others should weigh carefully what is said. A prophet, then, is called today a pastor, priest, shepherd, missionary, evangelist, and speaker. Those who speak should speak in turn, not all at once. (29-33a)

Fourth, Paul wrote that women should remain silent. Today, this is shocking and labeled as anti-women. The reason Moses wrote this and Paul agreed was not that women are unintelligent. Rather, they were not educated in ages past and therefore, could not read the Bible. The speakers should be able to read. I have great respect for two ladies who taught the Bible for many years at church. I spoke to one yesterday who went to the same seminary as Billy Graham. Her knowledge of the Bible and 60 years of teaching are clearly a gift of the Spirit. (33b-40)

“Love never fails” (8a) conveys the meaning of “never-ending,” as some English translations render it. Love was before eternity and will continue, for within the nature of God is love, and God never fails. (1 John 4:8) Those who will live forever emanate love in their life. What is an adult man? What is an adult woman? The essence that will remain of the mature is God’s love (11). Those who live it are adults. Without love awaits the second death. (John 5:42; Revelation 21:8, 20:14, 6, 2:11)

God knows me fully (12b). He understands me completely. He knows my motives. He sees my heart. He knows my situation. He knows my past, present, and future. Nothing about me is hidden from God. I cannot keep anything from God. The Spirit searches all deep, hidden things. (2:10)

Knowing God is a continual process in this age. (12) Paul says now we know in part, then we shall know fully. Being in the presence of God cannot be compared to any experience we have in this life. How can it be described? There is no experience like being in the presence of God. Any attempt is a poor reflection in a poor mirror. In those days, mirrors were polished bronze. That is not remotely the same as seeing someone face-to-face, being surrounded and indwelled fully in the power and love of God. No comparison.

Do you have a desire to live eternally? Know God. One cannot know God if they do not have and express love.

A prelude to chapter 15 lies hidden in these verses, acting as a bridge. Chapter 15 is the letter’s culmination: the believer’s bodily resurrection, being with our God Jesus for all eternity, who bodily rose from the dead. Something better is coming, not in this age where Jesus said we will have trouble. (John 16:33) Rather, the age to come is our better existence (8).

The spiritual gifts given by grace in this age are but the whiff of a baby’s breath compared to what is to come in the next age (9). “For we know in part and we prophecy in part, but when perfection comes, the imperfect disappears.” (9-10)

Paul parallels the progression of human life to the Christian’s progression from this age to the age to come. Humans start as children, becoming adults as God programmed. The human child does not live like an adult, and an adult does not live like a child, though they are the same person. (11)

Similarly, the way a believer in Jesus is in this age will not be the same as it will be in the next, though we will be the same person. Prophecies, tongues, and knowledge will cease because they are partial in nature (9) and will be unnecessary when what is complete has come (10). Now the Christian sees “a poor reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.” (12)

God is not through with us. He has just begun. Be patient and believe. Love is patient. (4) “Be patient, then, brothers, until the Lord’s coming. See how the farmer waits for the land to yield its valuable crop and how patient he is for the autumn and spring rains. You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near.” (James 5:7-8)

From ancient times, poets and songwriters have asked and/or answered the question, “What is love?” A popular song by the group Foreigner in the 1980s was titled “I Want to Know What Love Is.” The author’s friend, who is a popular Christian artist, John Elefante, answered with a song titled “This is What Love Is.” John Elefante quoted 1 John 3:16 in his song. The apostles who saw and learned love from Jesus Christ defined love through the Spirit in the New Testament.

Apostle Paul describes love with seven positive adjectives and with seven negative predicative adjective phrases. The positive adjectives are patient, kind, keeps no record of wrongs, rejoices with the truth, always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres. The negative predicative adjective phrases are does not envy, does not boast, is not proud, is not rude, is not self-seeking, is not easily angered, and does not delight in evil.

The list could be added to. Paul limited himself to these because some are clearly references to the Corinthian congregation’s heart infection. Paul wanted the believers there to change their ways. God’s grace is revealed. They had a chance to change. Now I know. I can now change too. Love expressed starts with a God revelation and continues with my choice to do.

Apostle Paul is explaining the most excellent way to the Corinthian congregation (12:31). By “way,” he means the way to live in Christ and to interact with others, especially other believers. The way is love. (Galatians 5:22) “Love” is “agape,” in Greek, equivalent to Jesus’ love manifested on the cross. (John 13:34-35; 1 John 3:16)

Paul, using hyperbole, opens with three comparative illustrations – comparing super-spiritual gifts without love against the same gifts with the virtue of love. The super-spiritual gifts are speaking in all tongues, prophecy, Solomon-like wisdom, immense faith, and profound philanthropy. He even includes suffering martydom through burning at the stake, as many early Christians experienced.

Paul states that if I have super-spiritual gifts and become a martyr without love, I gain nothing (3b). Does this mean that if I use the spiritual gifts God gives me in love, then I will gain something? Yes. Some of Jesus’ parables teach this truth. Consider the Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard, where the workers received a denarius (Matthew 20:1-16), and the Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30), where Jesus concluded with, “For everyone who has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken from him.”

Doing is not enough. Doing it with the right motives is what is required. The Pharisees and other religious leaders did many things. However, Jesus the Messiah rebuked them because they did not do them in love. I do not want to be nothing in Jesus’ eyes. I do not want to gain nothing and be humiliated at the BEMA seat. Lord forgive my hard heart.

Apostle Paul bridges from spiritual gifts to the root of many of the Corinthian congregation’s problems. Their acts lack “the most excellent way, love”. They are being driven by a chauffeur who was told the right place to go, but given the wrong directions. They are in danger of ending up in the place they did not want to go. (13; Matthew 9:13, 12:7) A number of the Corinthian believers have fallen asleep (11:30).

God has given me different gifts at different times to help others. Yet, these gifts, whether tongues, prophecy, miraculous powers, healing, wisdom, or messages of knowledge, are all temporary (8b-9). They are tools meant for the greater good. All tools can be used for good or bad, including the gifts of the Spirit. All tools must be used in love.

All good gifts are from God, including health, wealth, prosperity, food, drink, children, and gifts of the Spirit. These gifts should be used in love. Sometimes they are not. If they are not, then I am going in the wrong direction in life. Then, my motives, my chauffer, is driving me in the wrong direction. On the way, I am not at the checkpoint where I should use my God-given gift to help others.

Love is a verb more than a noun. Love is patient, kind, protects, trusts, hopes, and perseveres. Apostle Paul lists more actions provoked by love (4-8a). I need to examine my heart. Is my chauffeur going via the way of love?

The thumb goes unrecognized, though a vital part of daily life. Opposing thumbs allow humans to accomplish things that animals cannot. The ability to grip a hammer, an artist’s brush, play a musical instrument, and hold another’s hand as we stroll a romantic path is all made possible because of opposing thumbs. We take our thumbs for granted. Until the pain from a paper cut on the thumb awakens us to the importance of what was indispensable yet without honor.

Addressing the divisions in the Corinthian congregation induced by pride in spiritual gifts, Apostle Paul continues to use the analogy of the human body and all its organs, parts, and pieces (25). God made each part of the body dependent on the other parts, both the human body and the body of Christ (21).

The seemingly weaker parts are indispensable (22), like the thumbs. The seemingly less honorable parts we treat with special honor (23a), like our digestive organs. I sure do not like getting food poisoning. I would rather throw away expensive, rotten food than spend a night of agony.

The unpresentable parts are treated with special modesty (23b). Clothing is a human constant since Adam and Eve’s guilty conscience. Blushing is a common human trait regardless of culture, race, and time and place of birth, until the conscience is burned by continual sin. Our presentable parts need no special treatment. True human nature does not cover the face throughout human history unless forced upon it by another.

Paul’s point concerning “no division in the body” and “equal concern for each other” is summed up in verse 26. “If one part suffers, every part suffers with it; if one part is honored, every part rejoices with it.” When a believer causes a fellow believer to suffer in any way, then they are bringing suffering on themselves and the whole church. Will not Christ deal with such a sin?

Since you are in Christ and the Holy Spirit is in you, you are no less than your brother and sister in Christ. Paul, continuing the use of the human body illustration, mainly addresses those who feel that they are substandard and unimportant in these verses. Apparently, the more sensational gifts (such as tongues) had been glorified in the Corinthian congregation, making those who did not have them feel inferior.

First, one cannot because they are dismissed and shunned, say, “Because I am less-than, I do not belong to Christ’s body.” (14-16) Jesus knows what it is like to be rejected and scorned by his own people. He was a man of sorrows and familiar with suffering. (Isaiah 53:3) Even though you are ready to walk away, he will never abandon you as an orphan. “Surely, I am with you always, to the very end of the age,” he promises. (Matthew 28:20)

Second, God’s wisdom for the church includes design diversity. The gifts he gives coincide with the diversity within his body, which is his church. (17, 20) As the human body must have diversity to work effectively as a whole, so the members of Christ’s body have diverse gifts, the use of which can help accomplish Christ’s united purpose.

Third, God gives each child a good and proper gift. Once the child recognizes and accepts that gift and learns the skills needed to exercise that gift properly, they will find satisfaction and blessing when they exercise that gift properly. God arranges the parts in the body, every one of them, just as he wanted them to be (18). When we are in the right place using the gift given, we will be one with that place.

Fourth, though Christ’s body parts have different functions, we are interconnected. We are designed to work together, each doing our assigned duty. Next to us and connected to us are other parts that work in conjunction with us. We need to recognize that we work with others, depend on others in Christ, and are blessed by what they do and who they are. Many parts exist, one body working together, each in their unique way to help the whole body (19-20). We should not expect others to be like us. We should not shun others because they are not like us.

A stained glass window has many individual, colorful shards. Individually, they have beauty. Collectively, they form the image of Christ crucified, buried, and risen from the dead.

When I refer to myself, what am I talking about? Is my hands, feet, head, brain, or some other part what I refer to as me? When I get a haircut or trim my nails, a small part of me is no longer part of me, and I no longer refer to it as part of me. Is my thoughts, my emotions, my spirit, or my conscience me? The individual parts are not what I am referring to when I say “I” and “me”. Rather, all the individual parts make up the whole, and the whole is what I am. “The body is a unit, though it is made up of many parts; and though all its parts are many, they form one body” (12).

Apostle Paul used the human body to illustrate that Jesus sent his Spirit to his people, and thus we are united as one spiritual body in him. We drink the one Spirit (13). We are the body of Christ in the world.

Jesus said, “‘If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink.  Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, ‘streams of living water will flow from within him.” By this, he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive. Up to that time, the Spirit had not been given, since Jesus had not yet been glorified.” (John 7:37-39)

If you call on the name of Jesus, if you believe that he rose from the dead, if you have faith in his body and blood as a remission of your sins, then look around at others who believe the same. They too are a part of the spiritual body as you, the body of Christ. The Holy Spirit is like the blood flowing in our physical bodies, bringing nutrition and health to all the parts (John 3:5-8). Since the same Spirit flows in them as in you, then they should be treated with the same respect and love as you expect to be treated by others.

The truth that God gives manifestations of the Holy Spirit, that is, spiritual gifts, to every believer for the common good of the church, is understood. The Holy Spirit purposely gives the proper and good gift or gifts to each person as he determines (7, 11). His determination is correct. Paul lists some of these gifts in verses 8-10.

However, many have not discovered which gift God’s grace has given them. How can we determine which gift we have? First, be sure that God will reveal which gift he has given to each of his children. Do not be anxious about what that gift or gifts are.

Second, do not be idle in discovering which gift was given. This may involve gift-and-talent search questionnaires, as some churches do. The search may include temporarily getting involved with different ministries within your local congregation to see where you fit. Talk to someone you know and trust, asking them what gift they believe you have been given. And pray, always pray as you search. The search can be a fun experience if your mindset is right.

Third, when the gift is determined, do not shy away from it. Do not worry, or decide it’s not what you want or what you like. The gift God gives will be satisfying and gratifying, though it at times will not be easy. Jesus tells his disciples, “Deny yourself and carry your cross.” (Matthew 10:38, 16:24; Mark 8:34; Luke 9:23, 14:27)

Fourth, the possibility exists that the first gift we are given will not be the last and will not last till the Lord takes us home. The Spirit may determine to give us a new gift later in life, and the prior gift is no longer needed. We should be ready for changes as times change societies.

Finally, just because God gave you a spiritual gift, do not believe that you will know it all, that you will be perfect at it from the very beginning, and that you will always do very well. Every talent has a learning period that ends the day the Lord takes us home. A job well done involves blood falling like sweat from the brow. Change is a part of life. The gift we are given and the skills we learn will need adjusting as reality changes with time.

The link below will have examples of a spiritual assessment test soon.

https://stephenricker.com/study/1corinthians/1CorinthiansStudy9comments.htm

The bold say as Job, “If I have walked in falsehood or my foot has hurried after deceit– let God weigh me in honest scales and he will know that I am blameless– if my steps have turned from the path, if my heart has been led by my eyes, or if my hands have been defiled, then may others eat what I have sown, and may my crops be uprooted.” (Job 31:5-8)

The humble and wise first judge themself – finding improper thoughts to stop, finding acts of love to commit to, and asking God for forgiveness and the will to follow through with these changes. “If we judge ourselves, we would not come under judgment” (31). The wisdom God showed Paul is about stepping on the judgment scales, and he gave it to the Corinthian congregation.

Some in the congregation in Corinth were guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord. (27) They did not allow the poor to participate in the Lord’s Supper. Others got drunk. (21) They did not step onto the judgment scales. God placed them on the scales and they were not approved by God just as Cain was not approved. (19; Genesis 4:1-13) Others were approved by God, as Abel’s sacrifice was approved.

The unapproved fell under the Lord’s discipline, as a father disciplines his children (31-32). Some were weak and sick. Others fell asleep; that is, their physical bodies ceased to function (30). Do not be condemned with the world. Submit to the Lord’s discipline and change.

Apostle Paul continues to correct faults in Corinth’s congregational meetings. The current subject is the Lord’s Supper, the remembrance and thanksgiving of Christ’s body and blood given for us through the bread and wine.

After stating their misconduct and passing on to them Jesus’ words on the night Jesus was betrayed, he concludes with judgment: “Therefore, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord.”

The Greek adverb for “unworthy” describes taking the Lord’s Supper without proper reverence, respect, and recognition of its significance. Paul’s direction was for every believer to examine themselves before eating the bread and drinking from the cup. It is not that I do not have sufficient worth, but that I am not participating in a worthy manner. I only need to recognize Jesus’ sacrifice and let him live in my soul.

Apostle Paul recants that the cup of wine was shared “in the same way” as the bread, with all the apostles. Both the bread and wine are a remembrance of Jesus and his suffering and death for our salvation. Jesus took simple worldwide available food and drink, and used them to help us not forget him.

Jesus set up the New Covenant at the time when Israel was to remember the Old Covenant Passover, salvation from slavery in Egypt. This helps us understand the meaning behind his sacrifice for freedom from slavery to sin and the fear of death. The remembrance is a living sermon for all generations until he comes again. Christ’s blood establishes the New Covenant between God and man, one of forgiveness and grace. (Hebrews 8:6-13, 9:15)

The old sacrifices brought sins continually to remember (Hebrews 10:1, 3) and required continual offerings of animals. The Lord’s Supper is a remembrance of Christ and his sacrifice once for all for the full and final remission of sins. We remember continually the one sacrifice that saves many, proclaiming his death until he comes again to fulfill the New Covenant promise of eternal life with him in the kingdom of God.

Apostle Paul says he “received” from the Lord the method and meaning of the Lord’s Supper. The Greek verb for “received” is “paralambano”, associated with being educated in a tradition from someone else. A NIV text note says, “Paul does not necessarily mean that he received the Lord’s Supper directly from Christ. The information was probably passed on to him by others who had heard it directly from Jesus”, perhaps Ananias or Barnabas of Damascus. (Acts 9:10, 17-22, 27)

Apostle Paul conveys that, on the night Jesus was betrayed, he took bread and gave thanks (24). Giving thanks was the Jewish practice at meals, especially the Passover. The word Eucharist comes from the Greek “eukharistia” and “eukharistos”, meaning “grateful”, “thankful”, “to show favor”, and “grace”. The Israelites were thankful for being freed from slavery in Egypt. But why was Jesus thankful? He knew his betrayer sat in the room with him. (Luke 22:21-22)

Jesus tells us why. “This is my body, which is for you.” (24a) Jesus was thankful that he could obey his father in providing the way for those he loved to be saved from slavery to sin and death. Not only was he thankful, but Jesus was eager to obey. “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it finds fulfillment in the kingdom of God.” (Luke 22:14-15)

Even though my future looks to be a walk in a dark, trashy alley full of possible assailants and temptations, I will be thankful for the here and now. The Lord’s Supper is a time to be grateful. My immediate future is unknown. Jesus knew his immediate future. Yet, he had reasons to be thankful. He looked forward to the fulfillment of the Supper in the kingdom of God. Lord, let others find a few to share your Supper with, to be thankful with.

Jesus said, “Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves. By their fruit you will recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thornbushes, or figs from thistles? Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit.” (Matthew 7:15-17) When divisions come, which fruit is sour and which is sweet can be determined (18). The Holy Spirit says through Paul, “No doubt there have to be differences among you to show which of you has God’s approval.” (19)

The selfish problem of these wolves in sheep’s clothing was exposed during the Lord’s Supper in the Corinthian congregation, which, in the early church, was a full meal, as it was at the Last Supper. The wolves did not allow the poor in the congregation, whom they were responsible for, to have food and they themselves got drunk (21). The rich wolves humiliated and isolated the poor, thus exposing their hypocrisy (Ezekiel 34:7-10). Jude wrote, “These men are blemishes at your love feasts, eating with you without the slightest qualm–shepherds who feed only themselves. They are clouds without rain, blown along by the wind; autumn trees, without fruit and uprooted–twice dead.” (Jude 1:12) They promise relief, but do not deliver.

The Spirit through Apostle Peter promises, “They will be paid back with harm for the harm they have done. Their idea of pleasure is to carouse in broad daylight. They are blots and blemishes, reveling in their pleasures while they feast with you.” (2 Peter 2:13) Jesus warns us, “Watch out that no one deceives you. For many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Christ,’ and will deceive many… and many false prophets will appear and deceive many people. Because of the increase of wickedness, the love of most will grow cold, but he who stands firm to the end will be saved.” (Matthew 24:11-13) Consider also the warnings of Acts 20:29-30, Galatians 1:6-9, Philippians 3:2, Colosians 2:4, 8, 18, 20-23; 2 John 7-11; Jude 3-4. These wolves are from within, not without. Be alert.

Jesus made a new covenant with anyone who would believe in him (25). When he did, he changed the Passover meal so that I could remember him and what he did for me through his suffering and death. The bread symbolizes his body broken. The wine symbolizes his blood poured out. He told us when his people repeated his new Passover, which we call the Lord’s Supper (20b), to do this in remembrance of him. (24)

The Lord’s Supper for the early church was an entire meal. Later, because of abuses revealed in this chapter, all food and drink were removed except the bread and wine (unfermented). Paul rebuked the Corinthian congregation for the abuses of the Lord’s Supper, for they were harmful (17).

The divisions, mentioned earlier in the letter (1:10-17; 3:3-9; 6:1-8), were also exercised during the Lord’s Supper (19). The wealthy who obviously supplied most of the food, if not all, humiliated those who had nothing (22). Some ate a lot, others remained hungry, others got drunk (21).

Paul says that I ought to examine myself before I eat the bread and drink from the cup. I am to discern the body of Christ, for I may be sinning against the Lord’s body and blood (27-28). Some were sick, weak, and fallen asleep (physically died) under the Lord’s discipline (30).

I do not want to be disciplined by my Lord. The discipline of the Lord is as a Father to a son, and the Father’s hand is strong. His plan and desire is that I be mature, made like his Son, Jesus. The fear of the Lord is good. Love for the Lord is better. Lord, forgive my wayward, weak heart.

The Holy Spirit, through Paul, speaks of the interdependence between men and women, both at a general social level and in the personal relationship between husband and wife. Interdependence in sociology and social psychology refers to the mutual reliance among individuals, in which outcomes, behaviors, and emotions are shaped by interactions. Developed by Harold Kelley and John Thibaut in 1959, it assumes that social life involves interconnected lots, requiring coordination and reciprocal exchange to manage shared situations. “In the Lord,” as the Holy Spirit established before creation, man and woman are interdependent of each other. Differentiation invigorates interdependence; the very nature of things has been established.

I have some friends, both male and female, who outwardly loathed and inwardly deeply longed for interdependence, especially the women. “Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you,” was the consequence of doubting God’s love. (Genesis 3:17) The two consequences are inward struggles more than outward pressure, the loathing and longing for independence.

Beauty was the design of interdependence between man and woman before the first sin. The Lord God differentiated them, one from the other, and one not continuing without the other. A woman from man. Man born of woman. Both from the other. Both unique, yet one.

The uncovering of the head while praying and prophecying was an outward sign of the inward loathing and longing struggle. The woman’s cry for independence, while longing for dependence that love fills. “Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.”

Surely our sins bewilder the beauty of differentiation invigorating interdependence.

The subject continues to be the Corinthian congregation’s meetings, specifically the issues that needed correction. Paul commended them for following the teachings, aka traditions, as he passed on to them when he started the congregation (1). All the early founded congregations had the same mood of worship service, which he introduced to the newly founded Corinth church only a few years earlier (16b). The need for visible respect for the Lord God, specifically when praying and prophesying during the meeting, is now being addressed. (4-5)

Before the gospels or the apostles’ letters were written and distributed, prophesying, that is, speaking for Jesus, played a foundational role in the early church. (12:28-31; Acts 2:17-18; Ephesians 4:11, 2:20) Organized public prayer has always been a part of corporate worship. Paul instructs them to respect Jesus in their attire according to local custom dress when they pray and prophesy. As a sign of respect, men took off their head covering and women put on their head coverings when praying and prophesying. Even the pagans show respect to their gods in this manner, except for prostitutes and promiscuous women.

The point here is that those who are in the front of the congregation during a worship service should show visible respect as their culture defines respectful dress. Those who lead prayers, worship songs, read the scriptures, give the message and announcements, serve communion, pass the offering trays, and whatever else the local congregation requires a person to do before the Lord and the congregation, should dress and be groomed respectfully.

Respectful and tasteful attire changes from one decade to the next, and from one culture to another. Whatever is prevalent, without being gaudy and meant to bring self-attention, is proper and good. Show respect to Jesus in what I wear.

Paul begins to expand on worship service traditions (teachings) with the general truth in verse 3. The keyword in verse 3 is “head”, translated from the Greek noun “kephale” (a transliteration), used 75 times in the New Testament. It literally means “head” or “top” and, metaphorically, signifies authority, leadership, and preeminence, particularly in discussions of roles. (Ephesians 5:23)

Jesus confirmed that God, his Father, is his head, meaning his authority. (John 5:19) Christ is the head of man since God the Father placed him over man, and Jesus gave himself up for and will judge all mankind. (Matthew 17:5; John 3:35-36, 5:26-27)

Man is the head of woman. Perhaps that truth is the reason for Paul’s transition, “Follow my example, as I follow the example of Christ.” (1) Some Greek women probably enjoyed their newfound freedom in Christ so much that they stopped following the cultural norm of wearing head covering in public and went about topless. (I purposely stated it that way to give it the same shock they induced in their culture.)

Man was made for Christ, the Lord God. Eve was made next for Adam. (Genesis 1:26-27, 2:15, 18, 20b-22) However, Paul states elsewhere that this is only in the physical sense, not the spiritual: “You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus, for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.” (Galatians 3:26-28) The “all sons of God” status will prevail when the body decays, unless Jesus has a special place for you.

Some years ago I read in a book written by a married couple, the wife stated that the woman has been given the better place for the responsibility relies on the man. He is to listen to the counsel of his God and wife and make a decision. Any fault, any error, any casualty, and any miscarriage will be his responsibility. He can blame no one but himself. Adam cannot blame Eve, though he did. (Genesis 3:12) She was deceived first, and Adam is to blame for he was there, said nothing, and disobeyed God. (Genesis 3:6, 17)

So, God is the head of Christ, Christ the head of man, and man the head of woman. The responsibility of man is the woman and to obey Christ, as the obedience of Christ is to the Father and the responsiblity of man’s salvation was Christ’s.

Paul is now writing about an ancient Jewish and Middle East tradition. Specifically that a woman is to wear a head covering during a religious service and a man is to take his hat off. This is not done in almost all congregations now.

However, movies and videos from before the 1960s portray this was done as a matter of religious law for quite some time. Women wore hats except inside their homes. Men were always taking theirs off inside. I really don’t prefer one way or another. It’s a tradition backed up by Paul’s logic, not a law or commandment.

The Bible, congregations, and denominations have traditions and society’s customs that people have mistakenly believed are requirements needed to remain in a good close relationship with God. They mistakenly back this up by the feelings we get when we believe we have been a good moral and ethical person.

They say, “God testifies in my soul that this is the right thing.” When in fact it’s just a self-induced physical reaction to self-righteousness. Pride is also a feel-good emotion. Pride puffs up. Pride imposes self-righteous action on others to the detriment of many. Jesus came harshly rebuking the religious leaders of his day for such practices. He called them white-washed tombs that kill people. The church is filled with many stones to this day.

I have preferences. I like doing things a certain way. Some are based on something I read in the Bible or a religious article. Some are just a habit. But I need to remember that they are my preferences. I should never impress them on others. I can suggest it to someone under my care and guidance. I would be wrong to exasperate them.

Apostle Paul addresses eating meat offered to pagan idols, first addressed in chapter 8. There, he gave directions on eating the meat at the idol’s temple (8:10). He said do not eat meat at the idol’s temple, even though you rightfully know that an idol is nothing but stone and wood, because a fellow believer in Jesus with a weak conscience may see you there and be destroyed. (8:110).

Here, Apostle Paul, using the same Greek logical argument in 6:12, addresses buying the meat offered to an idol, but sold at the public markets called the “makellon” (aka by the archaic translation “shambles”, an old English word for a slaughterhouse). (25) Though permissible, buying this meat there and eating it elsewhere may not be beneficial or constructive (23). The consideration remains: seek the good of others. Don’t burn the conscience of others if they are too young in Christ to know there is nothing to an idol and its sacrifice (24, 8:4-8).

A mature servant in Christ does not seek their own good. Their hearts are set on glorifying God, enjoying him forever, and serving his church in holy fear of their master, Jesus. Yes, love will sustain us in sacrificial service. Yet, holy fear has its place in keeping us from succumbing to the temptations of selfish pursuit at others’ expense.

The conclusion to eating meat offered to idols, any questionable actioins, or partaking of unworthy things is concluded in tomorrows BDBD.